James Payne Carroll (p. 363): born 1869; public school; clerk in grocery store, then dry goods, then hardware, traveling salesman, founder of Charlottesville Hardware company, well-known business man, Ford agency.

Family: father: various business interests, grist-mill, lead mining, pillar of Methodist church.
mother's father: a Perkins, "old Virginia family."
brother: clergyman in Charlottesville Methodist Church.

Evaluation: There is evidence of social mobility, both of subject and his brother.


Andrew Cornelius Clements (p. 369): born 1879; public school, Spanish-American war as sergeant; navy yard 12 years; auto business 5 years; now sheriff of Arlington county; member of four lodges.

Family: father: merchant tailor, civil war soldier.
father's father: merchant tailor, painter and decorator.
wife: daughter of a blacksmith.
brothers and sisters: one messenger for Western Union, one deputy U.S. Marshall, one wife of baker, one wife of orderly to the President of the United States.

Evaluation: Three of the brothers are all in the business of guarding others! One brother stands out, another lags behind. There is more rigidity than mobility in the whole picture.


Joseph Carson Adkerson (p. 373): born 1892; high school, worked for mining corporations, consultant and manager; now independent operator of manganese mines; several professional societies and two lodges.

Family: immediate family background entirely lacking.
Father listed as a staunch Presbyterian: nothing more.
ancestors: one colonel in colonial army; one Penn, a signer; Kit Carson "a relative"; another colonel.

Evaluation: Immediate family data lacking -- may indicate social mobility. Earlier background of several branches of family sprinkled with some elements of reputability.


John C. Turpin (p. 378): born 1842; public school; soldier and prisoner in Civil War; now owns and operates a 175-acres improved farm; stockholder in local bank; trustee in Baptist church.

Family: father: common school, "large landed estate" which he owned.
mother: common school.
son: farmer and school trustee.
daughters: three wives.

Evaluation: No evidence of any social mobility here, unless by hard work subject has made financial progress. Who are his sons-in-law?


William Herman Surber (p. 381): born 1890; lieutenant in World War, worked for Int'l Harvester Co. and Michie Publishers; organized his own printing and publishing firm at Charlottesville.

Family: father: entered railroading; deputy county treasurer.
father's mother: practicing physician.
mother's father: colonel in Confederate army, whose four brothers were, respectively, colonel, major, colonel, and lieutenant in Confederate army.

Evaluation: A balanced family -- social class continuity that Civil War affected temporarily.


William C. Painter (p. 385): born 1872; private schooling at home, public school; horse dealer, then Ford dealer; small town; "effective citizen of community." Owns part of grandfather's estate.

Family: father: country school, called "Captain," but went through war as a private; for many years county supervisor.
father's father: "belonged to the prominent land-owning and slave-holding class of the Valley of Virginia."
mother: daughter of a captain, "likewise a prominent land owner and slave holder."
wife: daughter of a clergyman.
brothers and sisters: one widow, one wife, two names, one Ford dealer in small town, one auto dealer in small town, one farmer, one in secret service of a railway, one on "section service" of a railway.

Evaluation: Plantation class goes into auto dealing and railroading. Level of life suffered because of transition caused by war. Not all brothers and sisters came up to same level.


Robley M. Perrow (p. 392): born 1861; attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College; ran plantation; entered business; "no man is rated higher than he" in Lynchburg; "one of leading business men . . . of Campbell county. Two lodges.

Family: father: doctor, U. of Vir., and Jefferson School of Medicine; operated extensive plantation and owned many slaves.
mother's father: large land and slave owner.
wife: daughter of a doctor.
brothers and sisters: "all well educated -- Dr. Perrow believed in higher education for his children." One realtor and broker, one died young, one name.

Evaluation: Another plantation family that went into professions and business successfully.